The History of Chinese Wrestling (Jiao Di)

Chinese wrestling, known as Jiao Di (角抵), is one of the oldest martial arts in China, with roots stretching back over 4,000 years to the Xia and Shang dynasties. Originally a military combat technique, it evolved into a competitive sport and a form of entertainment, much like Greco-Roman wrestling in ancient Europe (though Jiao Di has distinct techniques).

In its early days, Jiao Di was performed for emperors as a display of strength, resembling gladiator-style battles. By the Han Dynasty (206 BCE–220 CE), it became a popular public sport, often held during festivals. Unlike modern wrestling, traditional Jiao Di emphasizes grappling and throwing opponents without striking, similar to freestyle wrestling but with unique stances rooted in Chinese martial arts philosophy.

A famous historical example is the legendary wrestler Gao Juefu, who competed in the imperial court during the Tang Dynasty. Today, Jiao Di remains part of China’s intangible cultural heritage, taught in martial arts schools alongside disciplines like kung fu. For those familiar with Western wrestling, imagine a blend of judo’s throws and wrestling’s takedowns—but with a 2,000-year-old legacy.

This sport not only showcases physical skill but also reflects China’s deep cultural appreciation for discipline and balance—making it a fascinating window into the nation’s history.