Xiangshan Bang Traditional Architectural Construction Techniques

Xiangshan in Suzhou, adjacent to Taihu Lake, boasts a history of over 2,500 years and is one of the birthplaces of Wu culture. Xiangshan Bang is a craftsmen community centered in Xukou Town, Wuzhong District, Suzhou. Led by carpenters, it encompasses various traditional architectural trades, including masons, painters, plasterers, sculptors, rockery specialists, and decorators.

As a product of Wu culture, Xiangshan Bang has produced many masters throughout history, such as Yang Huizhi (the "Sculpting Sage"), Kuai Xiang, and Yao Chengzu. Kuai Xiang directed the construction of the Three Great Halls of the Forbidden City, Tian’anmen, and government offices during the Ming Dynasty. He invented the "Jingang Tui" (Kong-style bracket) and was honored as "Kuai Luban" by Emperor Xianzong. Yao Chengzu’s masterpieces include the Ou Xiang Xie at Yi Garden, the Main Hall of Lingyan Mountain Temple, and the Plum Blossom Pavilion at Xiangxuehai. His greatest achievement was authoring "Ying Zao Fa Yuan" (Methods of Construction), a definitive work on Xiangshan Bang techniques acclaimed as the "Bible of Su-style Architecture."

Xiangshan Bang is an architectural school with a millennia-long heritage, peaking during the Ming and Qing dynasties. World-renowned structures like the Beijing Forbidden City, Tian’anmen, and Suzhou gardens were built by Xiangshan Bang craftsmen, represented by masters like Kuai Xiang and Yao Chengzu. These works are glorious chapters in Chinese architectural history. Xiangshan Bang architecture is known for its harmonious colors, precise structures, exquisite craftsmanship, and ingenious layouts.

Since the 20th century, Western architectural influences have led to its decline. Although there has been some revival in recent years, challenges remain—low income, demanding labor, and a lack of successors endanger these traditional skills. Urgent measures are needed to safeguard and ensure the transmission of this heritage.