Today, let’s delve into Zuo Zhuan. Attributed to Zuo Qiuming, hailed as the founder of Chinese classical writing and master of ancient prose, this work is one of the most complete annalistic histories of ancient China. Originally titled The Annals of Zuo, it is commonly referred to as Zuo Zhuan aft...

The Guliang Commentary (Guliang Zhuan) is an abbreviation of The Spring and Autumn Annals: Guliang Commentary. Alongside the Zuo Commentary (Zuo Zhuan) and the Gongyang Commentary (Gongyang Zhuan), it is one of the three major commentaries on The Spring and Autumn Annals. Its structure is similar to...

The Gongyang Commentary, also known as the Spring and Autumn Gongyang Commentary, is one of the three classic interpretations of The Spring and Autumn Annals (Chunqiu). Among the three, it was the earliest to gain prominence. Its content spans from the first year of Duke Yin of Lu to the 14th year o...

Today, let’s talk about The Spring and Autumn Annals (Chunqiu). Also known as the Spring and Autumn Classic or the Classic of the Qilin, it is one of the Five Classics. Originally a historical record of the State of Lu, it was edited and compiled by Confucius. The text chronicles significant events...